Ma muli o ka pane ʻana o nā ʻano mauʻu i nā kūlana aniau, ʻoiai hoʻi ka mahana, ua māhele ʻia nā ʻano mauʻu kahua kolepa i nā ʻano mauʻu kau mahana a me nā ʻano mauʻu kau anu. ʻO ka pae mahana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o nā aʻa mauʻu kau anu (pae mahana honua) he 10-18 degere Celsius, a ʻo ka pae mahana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ke kumu a me ka lau (pae mahana ea) he 16-24 degere Celsius; no ka mauʻu kau mahana, ʻo ka pae mahana kūpono no ka ʻōnaehana aʻa he 25-29 degere Celsius, a ʻo ka pae mahana ea he 27-35 degere Celsius.
ʻO ka mauʻu kau anuanu: ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa ulu o ka mauʻu kau anuanu e kau nui ʻia i ka wā anuanu o ka makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hema i ka hāʻule, ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai; ma ka ʻākau i ka pūnāwai a me ka hāʻule. ʻO nā mauʻu kau anuanu e komo pū ana me: bent, bluegrass, rye a me fescue
ʻO ka mauʻu kau mahana: Hoʻopili ʻia ka manawa ulu o ka mauʻu kau mahana i nā mahina wela o ka makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena o ka pūnāwai, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule ma ka hema a me ka ʻāpana hoʻololi. ʻO nā mauʻu kau mahana e komo pū me ka mauʻu Bermuda, Zoysia a me Seashore Paspalum. ʻO ka mauʻu kau mahana ma ke kahua kolepa e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia me ka mauʻu kau anuanu e mālama i kona kala i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO Rye a me kekahi mau ʻano mauʻu mua nā koho.
Nā hua mauʻu mua: ʻO ka mauʻu mua loa i hoʻohana ʻia manā kahua kolepahe mauʻu mauʻu a pau ma ia wahi, a ʻo ka mauʻu mua loa i kanu ʻia ma nā kahua kolepa, he mauʻu mauʻu kūloko nō hoʻi. Ma mua o nā makahiki 1930, ua hoʻohana nā kahua kolepa i kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka mauʻu i kāwili ʻia me he mauʻu kolepa lā. Aia i loko o ka hui ʻia he 80% COLONIAL bent, 10% VELVET bent a me kahi CREEPING bent iki. Ma New England, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo VELVET bent no nā greens. ʻO kēia mau hua mauʻu nā mea kanu makuahine no ka mahi ʻana i nā hua mauʻu kolepa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ka makahiki 1916, ua hoʻokumu kekahi mau kānaka ʻepekema mai ke Keʻena Mahiʻai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USDA) i kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo Arlington Lawn Garden, kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka loiloi a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua mauʻu kūpono no nā greens. I ka makahiki 1921, ua hoʻomaka lākou i ka laulima kalepa me ka USDA e hoʻokumu kūhelu i ka United States Golf Association (USGA) e hoʻonui i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hua mauʻu. Ua ʻimi lākou i nā mauʻu me ka hana maikaʻi loa mai nā wahi a pau, e like me ke ʻano lau maikaʻi loa, ke kala, ka nui a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi, a kanu iā lākou ma ka hale hānai o Arlington Lawn Garden. Ua hoʻohana ka USGA i ka leka C e helu iā lākou no ka mahi ʻana. I ka makahiki 1927, ua hoʻolaha ka US Department of Agriculture ua hana lākou i ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi loa - ka mauʻu kolo. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻenehana hana hou asexual, ua uhi ʻia nā greens he nui me nā lole ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā no ka mea ua mahi ʻia me ka asexual, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona maʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā pepeke.
Ke kanu ʻana i ka mauʻu kūlou: Ua hoʻomaka nā kānaka ʻepekema e aʻo ma Pennsylvania i ka makahiki 1940 e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i ka mauʻu kūlou like a paʻa. Ma hope o 9 mau makahiki o ka hana nui, ua mahi lākou i kahi mauʻu kūlou i kapa ʻia ʻo PENNCROSS, i hoʻomaka ʻia i ka makahiki 1954 a hoʻomaka e pani i ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua. Ma mua o nā makahiki 1990, ʻo PENNCROSS ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaulana loa. ʻOiai ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻano hou, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo PENNCROSS i kēia lā.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hua mauʻu o Pennsylvania. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Kauka Joe Duwick, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo PENNEAGLE bent i ka makahiki 1978 a ua hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo PENNLINKS bent i ka makahiki 1986. Mai ka makahiki 1980 a i ka makahiki 1990, ua kālele nui ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka bent i ke ʻano o ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻano me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i kona hiki ke hoʻololi. Ma o ka noiʻi ʻana ma Texas e USGA, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻano bent hou ʻo CATO lāua ʻo CRENSHAW. I ka manawa like, ua kālele ka noiʻi ʻana a Pennsylvania Joe Duwick i ke ʻano e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻomanawanui o Bent i ka ʻoki haʻahaʻa. Ua alakaʻi kāna mau hana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka bent A a me G series. Ua hoʻomaka pū nā ʻoihana hua mauʻu ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano maikaʻi loa e like me: SR1020, L-93, PROVIDENCE, BACKSPIN, IMPERIAL, etc. Nā mauʻu hua hua ʻē aʻe: Ua hoʻoulu nui ʻia ka bluegrass Kentucky a me ka ryegrass perennial i nā makahiki 40 a 50 i hala, e kālele ana i ka mahi ʻana i nā embryos e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke koho ʻana i nā huahana hua mauʻu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā ʻoihana hua mauʻu like ʻole, me:
Nā mauʻu kau mahana: He kūpono ka mauʻu Bermuda no nā ʻāina tropical, subtropical a me ka hema o ka honua; ma ka ʻāpana aniau hoʻololi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Zoysia ma nā alaloa, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia ma Iapana, Korea a me Kina; ʻO ka mauʻu Buffalo, kahi mauʻu maoli o nā Great Plains o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, he kūpono ia no ka mauʻu lōʻihi ma nā wahi semi-humid, semi-arid a me nā wahi maloʻo; ʻO Seashore Paspalum, ka mauʻu kau mahana i hoʻomanawanui loa i ka paʻakai, he kūpono ia no nā ʻāina tropical a me subtropical, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kona mau ʻano i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e like me ka mauʻu no nā terraces.nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā alanui fairways.
ʻO ka mauʻu Bermuda a me kāna mau hybrids: ʻO ka mauʻu Bermuda i hoʻohana nui ʻia paha ua hoʻolaha ʻia e nā mea ʻimi Sepania mua. I ka makahiki 1924, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke ʻano Bermuda ATLANTA, a i ka makahiki 1938, ʻo U3. Ma hope mai, i ka wā i hele ai ka mea pāʻani kolepa nui ʻo Bobby Jones i ʻAigupita e pāʻani kolepa, ua hoʻolauna hewa ʻo ia i kahi ʻano mauʻu Bermuda hou mai ʻAigupita, ʻo UGANDAGRASS. Ma mua o 1950, ʻo kēia mau moʻo Bermuda wale nō i hiki ke koho ʻia. I nā makahiki 1950 a me 1960, ua lilo ka mauʻu Bermuda i mauʻu kolepa nui. I nā makahiki 1940, ua ʻike hewa kekahi kanaka ʻepekema mai ka US Department of Agriculture, ʻo Glen Burton, i kekahi mauʻu mānoanoa, pōkole, a waena-maikaʻi i kāna kahua hānai ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tifton, Georgia. Ma hope o ka hybridization, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia iā Tifton 57 (TIFLAWN) i ka makahiki 1957. He kūpono loa kēia mauʻu no ke kanu ʻana ma nā kahua haʻuki akā ʻaʻole ma nā greens no ka mea ulu wikiwiki ia. No laila, ua hoʻomau ʻo Burton i ke aʻo ʻana a ua aʻo ʻo ia ua hoʻohui kekahi ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i kāna Tifton 57 me nā aʻa ʻīlio kūloko ma ʻApelika. Ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻana, ua kākoʻo ʻo ia a loaʻa nā aʻa ʻīlio kūloko he nui ma nā kahua kolepa hema. Ma hope o nā haneli o nā hybridizations, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Burton iā Tifton 127 (TIFFINE), Tifton 328 (TIFGREEN) a me Tifton 419 (TIFWAY). Ua hānai ʻia ka dwarf Bermuda (TIFDWARF) e kekahi ʻepekema ʻē aʻe ma o ke koho genetic o kēia manawa o 328, akā ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e Burton i ka makahiki 1955.
A hiki i kēia lā, ʻo Tifton nō ke kikowaena mana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hybrids Bermuda. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke hana nei kekahi ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, ʻo Hanna, i ka noiʻi ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo TIFTON. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia iā Eagle Grass lāua ʻo TIFSPORT, ʻo lāua ʻelua he mau mea kanu makuahine mai Kina mai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-09-2024